Quiz Focus Points

*Keep in mind I may add or delete points to know up to TWO DAYS before a quiz

Quiz 1

1. Be prepared to generally explain a covalent, polar covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bond.

2. Be prepared to define/describe homeostasis, and provide an example (some ideas: temperature regulation, glucose regulation)

3. Be able to list the 4 major categories of macromolecules; know which is hydrophobic; know which is made of chains of amino acids; know which includes monosaccharides, dissacharides and polysaccharides

4. Know what category of macromolecule enzymes fall under, know what enzymes do (don't worry about explaining activation energy)

5. Be able to generally explain how buffers help regulate pH

6. Know the major structural molecule of cell membranes and explain how the molecules orient themselves to create the membrane; explain why this provides an effective barrier between ICF and ECF

7. Be able to list several functions of proteins associated with cell membranes.

8. When shown 2 solutions with different concentrations of solutes, be able to predict which direction the solutes would move and which direction the water would move if allowed to cross a barrier. Know which of the above describes diffusion and which describes osmosis.

9. Between: solutes moving with their concentration gradients and solutes moving against their concentration gradients, know which releases energy and which requires an energy input.

Quiz 2

1. Be prepared to briefly explain some characteristics and functions of epithelial tissue

2. Be able to briefly describe the 3 different modes of exocrine gland secretion, and provide one example of a specific gland for each type (ex., some mammary glands use apocrine secretion)

3. Be able to list and briefly describe the protein fibers of connective tissue. Be able to name a substance that is a common component of ground substance.

4. Be able to list the three main categories of connective tissue. Be able to list the subcategories within each of the main categories.

5. Be prepared to explain the tissue composition of the dermis and epidermis, and list some accessory skin structures and where they are located (dermis, epidermis or both)

Quiz 3

1. Be prepared to describe the components and layout of an osteon.

2. Be prepared to compare & contrast compact & spongy bone: locations (within a bone), location of blood vessels, ability to resist force, arrangement of components (osteons or trabeculae).

3. Be prepared to describe the matrix of bone and name the primary salts.

4. Understand/ be able to describe the process of intramembranous & endochondral ossification, and repair of bone.

5. Be prepared to describe differences between synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses, AND to provide one example of each.

6. Be prepared to describe the anatomy of synovial joints, including accessory structures (bursae, fat pads, etc).

7. Be prepared to state what structures the endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium surround.

8. Understand the anatomy of muscle cells, including multinucleate, SR, T-tubules, myofibrils.

Quiz 4

1. Be able to list and describe the meninges of the spinal cord.

2. Know which bones the dura mater is "tied" to

3. Be prepared to briefly describe the difference between gray matter and white matter, and state where you'd find gray matter in the spinal cord.

4. Be able to compare and contrast the blood-CSF barrier with the blood-brain barrier

5. Know which lobes the motor and sensory areas of the cortex are in. Know one example of a specific sensory area, and the specific lobe it is located on (ex., the visual cortex on the occipital lobe).

6. Be able to name an integration/association center, and describe generally what occurs there (ex, production of complex thought, language interpretation, etc).

7. Be able to state ONE general function of each of the following: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, mesencephalon, pons, medulla, cerebellum. You do NOT need to name specific nuclei of these areas for the quiz.